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Erroneous gender differences in axillary skin surface/sweat pH.

J S Burry1, H F Coulson, I Esser

  • 1Unilever Research, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Quarry Rd East, Bebington, Wirral, U.K.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 24, 2008
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Summary

Accurate axillary sweat pH measurement is crucial for antiperspirants. Controlled studies reveal no gender differences in axillary sweat or skin pH when pre-equilibrated with carbon dioxide, but significant differences exist between the axilla's vault and fossa.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of axillary eccrine sweat pH is vital for the antiperspirant industry.
  • Antiperspirant efficacy relies on sweat pH, influencing the formation of metal hydroxide gels that block sweat glands.
  • Existing literature presents inconclusive findings on gender-based differences in skin surface and sweat pH across various body sites, including the axilla.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential gender differences in axillary eccrine sweat and skin surface pH under controlled environmental conditions.
  • To emphasize the critical importance of controlling measurement time, site, and pre-equilibration with carbon dioxide (CO2) for accurate pH determination.
  • To explore variations in pH between the hairy (vault) and non-hairy (fossa) regions of the axilla.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted controlled studies varying temperature, humidity, and time to assess axillary sweat and skin surface pH.
  • Implemented pre-equilibration of samples with 40 mmHg carbon dioxide (equivalent to arterial CO2 tension) before pH measurement.
  • Compared pH measurements between the axillary vault and fossa.

Main Results:

  • When measurement time, site, and CO2 pre-equilibration are precisely controlled, no significant gender differences in axillary sweat or skin surface pH were observed.
  • Significant differences in eccrine sweat and skin surface pH were identified between the vault (hairy) and fossa (non-hairy) regions of the axilla.
  • Previous conflicting results regarding gender differences are likely due to inadequate control of key measurement parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Precise control over measurement conditions, particularly CO2 pre-equilibration, is essential for reliable axillary sweat and skin pH assessment.
  • No inherent gender-based differences in axillary sweat or skin pH exist when standardized measurement protocols are followed.
  • The anatomical differences between the axillary vault and fossa lead to significant variations in pH, a key factor for antiperspirant formulation.