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Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Work02:30

Quantifying Work

As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
Work Done by Many Forces01:03

Work Done by Many Forces

The total work done on an object acted upon by multiple forces can be computed using two methods that give the same result. In one method, the work done by each force is first calculated. Then, those values are summed algebraically to calculate the total work done by all the forces. In the second method, the net force is first calculated by a vector sum of all the forces. Then, the work done by this force is obtained.
Since forces perpendicular to the displacement do no work, they do not...
Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
Work Done on a System by External Force01:11

Work Done on a System by External Force

The work done by an external force on a particle changes its kinetic energy. However, internal forces must also be considered for a system of interacting particles. The potential energy formulation helps formulate the effect of internal forces. The net work done by an external force can be written in terms of the total change of mechanical energy, which includes both kinetic and potential energies.
In the presence of a non-conservative opposing force, like friction, some part of the work done...
Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
Next,...
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time01:05

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time

According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time (MRT) is an important measure in pharmacokinetics. MRT can be defined as the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It provides valuable insights into drug disposition in the body.
After the administration of a drug through intravenous bolus injection, the drug molecules are distributed throughout the body and remain there for varying periods. The MRT represents the average time these drug molecules stay in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Full work analysis of resident work hours.

Melvin S Dassinger1, James W Eubanks, Max R Langham

  • 1Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA. dassingermelvins@uams.edu

The Journal of Surgical Research
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Analyzing a pediatric surgical resident's time revealed that improving operating room efficiency and reducing travel and communication time can increase hours for patient care and education.

More Related Videos

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments
08:36

Collecting Sleep, Circadian, Fatigue, and Performance Data in Complex Operational Environments

Published on: August 8, 2019

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Education
  • Workforce Analysis
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Resident duty hour restrictions aim to enhance patient safety and well-being.
  • These restrictions may inadvertently reduce time for patient care and resident education.
  • Understanding resident time utilization is crucial for optimizing educational opportunities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an in-depth analysis of a pediatric surgical resident's time utilization.
  • To identify areas of inefficiency and potential time savings.
  • To increase educationally relevant hours for residents.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective data collection from a senior pediatric surgical resident over one academic year.
  • Analysis of logged duty hours.
  • Independent observer videotaped resident's activities.
  • Resident self-categorized daily activities during videotaping month.

Main Results:

  • Videotaped data analysis: 656 minutes on direct patient care (including OR), 175 minutes on education.
  • Significant time spent on hospital travel (139.8 min) and communication (132.7 min).
  • Self-reported data: 344.75 hours total, with 6.7% dedicated to didactic education.

Conclusions:

  • Operating room efficiency is a primary time consumer.
  • Workflow redesigns to minimize travel and communication are recommended.
  • Improvements can increase dedicated time for patient care and education.