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Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns
Published on: December 12, 2025
Pathogens that cause infertility of bulls or transmission via semen
M Daniel Givens1, M S D Marley
1Departments of Pathobiology and Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. givenmd@vetmed.auburn.edu
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to review scientific evidence regarding pathogens that cause infertility of bulls or that could be transmitted via bovine semen. Although several pathogens can cause male infertility and potentially be transmitted via semen, adhering to disease control recommendations provided by Certified Semen Services (CSS) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) can prevent infectious male infertility and ensure that the risk of pathogen transmission via semen is negligible. Regarding bulls to be used for natural breeding, quarantine prior to herd introduction and appropriate diagnostic testing during quarantine will commonly prevent introduction of pathogens that adversely affect reproduction.
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