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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Inflammation and cancer: the oncogene-driven connection.

Maria Grazia Borrello1, Debora Degl'Innocenti, Marco A Pierotti

  • 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Operative Unit Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Growth and Progression, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Foundation, Via G. Venezian, 1 20133 Milan, Italy. mariagrazia.borrello@istitutotumori.mi.it

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Oncogenes, drivers of cell transformation, are now understood to create a pro-tumor inflammatory environment. This review explores how oncogene pathways promote inflammation, fueling tumor growth and angiogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributor to tumor progression.
  • Traditionally, oncogenes were solely linked to cell neoplastic transformation.
  • Recent research highlights oncogenes' role in creating a pro-tumorigenic inflammatory microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging evidence on oncogene-driven inflammation in tumor development.
  • To elucidate the intrinsic pathways through which oncogenes promote a pro-tumoral inflammatory state.
  • To connect oncogene activity with inflammation-induced tumor growth and angiogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on oncogenes and inflammation.
  • Analysis of established oncogenes like RAS and MYC in tumor angiogenesis.
  • Examination of genetic events in thyroid tumors and their link to inflammatory programs.

Main Results:

  • Established oncogenes (RAS, MYC) are causally linked to tumor angiogenesis.
  • In thyroid tumors, oncogenes initiating tumorigenesis also induce inflammatory programs.
  • Growing evidence supports intrinsic, oncogene-driven pathways leading to pro-tumoral inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Oncogenes play a critical role in orchestrating an inflammatory tumor microenvironment.
  • Understanding these oncogene-driven inflammatory pathways is crucial for cancer therapy.
  • Targeting oncogene-induced inflammation may offer novel therapeutic strategies against cancer.