Enhanced enamel remineralization under acidic conditions in vitro

We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that acidic solutions undersaturated with respect to enamel and supersaturated with respect to fluorapatite can enhance enamel remineralization by reducing preferential remineralization of the outer lesion and promoting mineral ion penetration. We used quantitative microradiography to assess mineral changes in artificial surface-softened and subsurface lesions in human enamel in vitro, induced by such an acidic solution and by a neutral remineralizing solution. For surface-softened lesions, the extent of remineralization was similar for both solutions, although preferential remineralization of the outer lesion was observed with the neutral solution. For subsurface lesions, preferential remineralization of the outer lesion was not observed with either solution. However, the extent of subsurface lesion remineralization by the acidic solution was significantly greater than that observed with the neutral solution. Results obtained are noted to reflect inherent differences in lesion type and the properties of the solutions studied.