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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

The Colloidal State

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Surface Active Agents

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

Nonideal Two-Component Liquid Solutions

Nonideal liquid solutions, also known as real solutions, do not strictly follow Raoult's law. Raoult's law is a rule of thumb in physical chemistry. However, not all mixtures adhere to this law due to varying molecular interactions. For example, in an acetone/chloroform solution, the individual vapor pressures of the components are lower than expected, resulting in a total vapor pressure below that predicted by Raoult's law, causing a negative deviation.On the other hand, in an ethanol/water...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Double Emulsion Generation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Co-axial Flow Focus Device

Published on: December 25, 2015

A very stable W/O/W multiple emulsion.

M de Luca¹, J L Grossiord, M Seiller

¹CNPq/Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal Fluminense, rua Mario Viana 523, 24240-000, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science

|May 28, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Triple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions demonstrate remarkable stability over 10 years. This finding highlights their potential for protecting sensitive ingredients from environmental factors.

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Area of Science:

Colloid and Surface Science
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Triple emulsions (W/O/W) are complex multiphase systems.
Encapsulation technologies are crucial for protecting sensitive or unstable ingredients.
Long-term stability assessment is vital for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the long-term stability of a specific triple W/O/W emulsion.
To assess the protective capabilities of the W/O/W emulsion formula for encapsulated ingredients.

Main Methods:

Microscopic analysis to determine droplet size and morphology.
Conductimetric analysis to assess changes in electrical properties.
Rheologic analysis to evaluate flow and deformation behavior.

Main Results:

The triple W/O/W emulsion exhibited remarkable stability over a 10-year period.
Microscopic, conductimetric, and rheologic analyses showed minimal changes.
The formula effectively protected encapsulated ingredients from external stress.

Conclusions:

The studied triple W/O/W emulsion possesses exceptional long-term stability.
This formulation shows significant potential for the high-yield encapsulation and protection of unstable ingredients.