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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

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Characterizing Modulators of Protease-Activated Receptors with a Calcium Mobilization Assay Using a Plate Reader
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Complement activation triggered by chondroitin sulfate released by thrombin receptor-activated platelets.

O A Hamad1, K N Ekdahl, P H Nilsson

  • 1Rudbeck Laboratory C5, Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH
|May 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Platelets release chondroitin sulfate (CS) to activate the complement system, generating inflammatory signals. This discovery highlights a novel pathway for platelet-mediated inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan released by activated platelets.
  • Platelet activation is implicated in various inflammatory processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that platelet-derived CS can initiate fluid-phase complement activation.
  • To identify the mechanisms and consequences of CS-mediated complement activation.

Main Methods:

  • Platelet activation using Thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-6 in plasma and whole blood.
  • Measurement of complement activation products (C3a, sC5b-9).
  • Enzymatic treatment with chondroitinase ABC and use of complement inhibitors (compstatin, C5aR antagonist).
  • Identification of C1q as the CS recognition molecule.

Main Results:

  • TRAP-6 induced fluid-phase complement activation, evidenced by C3a and sC5b-9 generation.
  • Platelet-derived CS was confirmed as the initiator of complement activation.
  • C1q directly bound to CS, initiating the complement cascade.
  • CS-triggered complement activation led to increased leukocyte activation (CD11b expression) and leukocyte-platelet complex formation, mediated by C5a signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Platelets release chondroitin sulfate (CS) to trigger fluid-phase complement activation.
  • This pathway generates inflammatory signals via C5a, contributing to leukocyte activation and complex formation.
  • CS represents a novel link between platelet activation and the inflammatory complement cascade.