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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
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Lymphotoxin-alpha C804A polymorphism is a risk factor for stroke. The PROSPER study.

S Trompet1, A J M de Craen, P Slagboom

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. s.trompet@lumc.nl

Experimental Gerontology
|May 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The C804A polymorphism in the lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) gene is linked to an increased risk of vascular events, particularly clinical strokes in men. Further research is needed to confirm these findings on LTA gene variants.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Genetics
  • Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Inflammation is a key driver in atherosclerosis development, a major cause of vascular events.
  • Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is present in atherosclerotic lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between the LTA gene's C804A polymorphism and coronary/cerebrovascular events.
  • To investigate potential gender-specific effects of this polymorphism on vascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5804 participants from the PROSPER study.
  • Utilized Cox-proportional hazards models adjusted for relevant covariates.
  • Assessed primary (composite vascular events) and secondary (coronary/cerebrovascular components) endpoints.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between the C804A polymorphism and the primary endpoint (p=0.03).
  • This association was primarily observed in males and significantly linked to clinical strokes (p=0.02).

Conclusions:

  • The LTA C804A polymorphism is associated with clinical stroke risk, especially in men.
  • These findings highlight a potential genetic susceptibility factor for stroke in males.
  • Further validation studies are recommended to confirm the role of LTA gene variants in vascular disease.