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Depression, comorbidities and the TNF-alpha system.

H Himmerich1, S Fulda, J Linseisen

  • 1Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804, Munich, Germany. hhimmerich@ukaachen.de

European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists
|May 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression is linked to physical illnesses and elevated cytokine levels. This study found higher soluble TNF receptor levels in those with a depression history, supporting the role of the TNF-alpha system in depression.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Depression is frequently associated with physical diseases and alterations in the cytokine system.
  • Previous research suggests a link between depression, comorbidities, and immune system changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between a history of depression, its comorbidities, and plasma cytokine levels.
  • To compare cytokine levels in a general population sample with a history of depression versus those without.
  • To examine cytokine levels in acutely depressed patients compared to the general population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Bavarian Nutrition Survey II (BVS II), a representative study of the Bavarian population (n=1050).
  • Assessed medical history through interviews and collected blood samples from a subsample (n=568) and acutely depressed inpatients (n=62).
  • Measured plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R) p55, and sTNF-R p75 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Main Results:

  • A history of depression was associated with increased incidence of hypertension, peptic ulcer, dyslipoproteinemia, osteoporosis, allergic skin rash, atopic eczema, and thyroid disease.
  • Participants with a depression history in the BVS II sample showed significantly different sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 levels compared to those without depression, even after controlling for age, BMI, and smoking.
  • Acutely depressed inpatients exhibited higher sTNF-R p55 and sTNF-R p75 levels than the general population, with significantly elevated TNF-alpha levels also observed.

Conclusions:

  • The findings confirm known comorbidities of depression and strengthen the hypothesis that activation of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) system plays a role in the development of depressive disorders.
  • Elevated levels of soluble TNF receptors suggest a chronic inflammatory state associated with depression.
  • Targeting the TNF-alpha system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for depression.