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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Low-cost Ionic Liquids
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Published on: August 10, 2016

Capture of dioxins by ionic liquids.

Prashant S Kulkarni1, Luís C Branco, João G Crespo

  • 1CQFM, Departamento de Engenharia Química e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. ps_kulkarni@rediffmail.com

Environmental Science & Technology
|May 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method using stable ionic liquids to absorb toxic dioxins from industrial emissions. The developed ionic liquid efficiently captures dioxins, allowing for their removal and potential recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Dioxins are highly toxic byproducts of incineration and combustion.
  • Effective methods for removing dioxins from industrial exhaust are crucial for environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and efficient method for absorbing dioxins from gaseous streams.
  • To investigate the use of thermally stable ionic liquids for dioxin capture.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of novel imidazolium-, ammonium-, and guanidinium-based ionic liquids.
  • Study of dioxin absorption in a temperature range of 100-200°C.
  • Evaluation of ionic liquid performance under simulated and real incineration/combustion conditions.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids with imidazolium cations and long alkyl side chains showed the highest absorption capacities.
  • The dicyanoamide [DCA] anion demonstrated superior absorption capability compared to other anions.
  • A specific ionic liquid, 1-n-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium dicyanoamide [C8mim][DCA], absorbed over 14% by weight of various dioxins.
  • Complete desorption of absorbed dioxins was achieved using high vacuum.

Conclusions:

  • Thermally stable ionic liquids offer a promising and efficient approach for dioxin removal from industrial off-gases.
  • The selection of specific ionic liquids with tailored properties is key to successful dioxin absorption and desorption.
  • The proposed method is feasible under real incineration and combustion operating conditions.