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Updated: Jul 5, 2026
Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs
Published on: May 21, 2019
[Effects of methylene blue on refractory hemorrhagic shock]
Hua-Dong Zhu1, Chun-Hua Yu, Hou-Li Wang
1Department of Emergency Medicine, PUMC Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100730, China.
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of methylene blue (MB) on refractory hemorrhagic shock.
Methods:
Totally 24 rabbits subjected to prolonged hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation were randomly divided into hemorrhagic shock group (12 rabbits) and MB group (12 rabbits; MB was administered immediately after resuscitation was performed). The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) , interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, nitric oxide (NO), lactic acid (LA) , and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were detected before shock, immediately after resuscitation, and 0.5, 2, and 4 hours after resuscitation. The 12-hour survival rates were observed.
Results:
The plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8, NO and LA after shock were significantly higher than before shock (P <0.01), and maintained at high levels. Compared with the shock group, higher MAP and lower plasma levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, IL-8, NO, and LA were observed in the MB group after resuscitation (P<0.01). The 12-hour survival rates were not significantly different between shock group and MB group.
Conclusion:
Although MB can not improve the prognosis of refractory hemorrhagic shock, it can increase and maintain the MAP and thus play a beneficial role in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock.
