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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

Antiperspirant compositions based on titanium salts.

D B Hagan1, F J Leng, P M Smith

  • 1Unilever Research Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral UK.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Titanium metal chelates offer an alternative to aluminum in antiperspirants by physically blocking pores. Ammonium titanium lactate (ATL) demonstrates effective antiperspirant activity, functioning topically and remaining stable in formulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Materials Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Traditional antiperspirants utilize aluminum-based compounds.
  • Titanium metal chelates present a physiologically inert alternative.
  • Understanding titanium chelate structure and antiperspirant mechanisms is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate titanium metal chelates, specifically ammonium titanium lactate (ATL), as antiperspirant actives.
  • To explore the mechanism of action for ATL in comparison to aluminum-based antiperspirants.
  • To assess the stability and formulation potential of ATL.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of titanium metal chelates from titanium alkoxides and organic acids.
  • Analysis of ammonium titanium lactate (ATL) salt structure and hydrolysis.
  • Evaluation of ATL's antiperspirant efficacy using an in vitro method predictive of in vivo performance.

Main Results:

  • Titanium metal chelates induce superficial physical pore blockage for antiperspirancy.
  • ATL functions as a topical antiperspirant, with sweating recovery after tape stripping.
  • ATL exhibits stability under acidic to near-neutral pH, suitable for aqueous or anhydrous formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Titanium metal chelates, like ATL, are effective antiperspirant actives.
  • ATL offers a viable alternative to aluminum compounds, working via physical pore blockage.
  • ATL demonstrates formulation stability and predictable efficacy, supporting its use in antiperspirant products.