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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

High-Throughput Identification of Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Tomato using Seedling Flood Assay
06:41

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Published on: March 10, 2020

Preservative tolerance and resistance.

J S Chapman1, M A Diehl, K B Fearnside

  • 1Rohm and Haas Co., 727 Norristown Road Springhouse, PA 19477, USA.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|May 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preservative tolerance occurs when preservatives fail to control microbial growth due to bacterial resistance. This study established a collection of resistant bacteria, primarily Pseudomonas, to investigate tolerance mechanisms against common preservatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Industrial Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Preservative tolerance is a critical issue where microbial growth persists despite the use of antimicrobial agents.
  • Potential causes include preservative system destabilization, biofilm formation, and the development of microbial resistance.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is vital for maintaining product integrity and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and characterize a collection of preservative-resistant bacteria.
  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying resistance to various industrial preservatives.
  • To identify cross-resistance patterns among different preservative classes.

Main Methods:

  • A collection of preservative-resistant bacterial isolates was established from various product matrices.
  • Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined and compared to reference strains.
  • Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles and preservative uptake were analyzed.
  • Cross-resistance studies were performed across different preservative types.

Main Results:

  • Pseudomonas and related genera comprised 92% of the resistant isolates.
  • Isolates resistant to dimethoxy dimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH), dibromodicyanobutane (DBCB), or glutaraldehyde (GLUT) showed cross-resistance to formaldehyde (FA) and linked to formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
  • Benzisothiazolone (BIT)-resistant isolates exhibited broad cross-resistance, while methylchloroisothiazolone/methylisothiazolone (MCI/MI)-resistant isolates had altered OMP profiles and reduced preservative uptake.
  • EDTA treatment restored MCI sensitivity, confirming outer membrane involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial resistance to preservatives is a complex phenomenon with diverse mechanisms.
  • Specific resistance patterns, like those linked to formaldehyde dehydrogenase or outer membrane alterations, were observed for different preservative classes.
  • Further research into preservative tolerance is necessary for effective microbial control strategies.