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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...

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Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
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A flow-through capnometer for obstructive sleep apnea.

Shinji Yamamori1, Yuji Takasaki, Makoto Ozaki

  • 1Faculty of Advanced Techno-Surgery, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering & Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Shinji_Yamamori@mb2.nkc.co.jp

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing
|May 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new flow-through capnometer, cap-ONE, accurately measures end-tidal carbon dioxide (etCO2) without aspiration. This device reliably detects apnea events in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, overcoming limitations of traditional sidestream capnometers.

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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Medical Device Engineering
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Sidestream capnometers can produce distorted capnograms in non-intubated, spontaneously breathing individuals due to expired gas aspiration.
  • Accurate monitoring of respiratory parameters is crucial for diagnosing and managing conditions like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel flow-through capnometer designed to prevent expired gas aspiration.
  • To evaluate the accuracy of this new capnometer in detecting apnea during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Main Methods:

  • A flow-through capnometer (cap-ONE) utilizing an etCO2 sensor was designed to fit under the nose, directly measuring expired gas.
  • The cap-ONE's performance was assessed using a spontaneously breathing model, comparing its capnograms to a reference and sidestream capnometers.
  • Clinical evaluation involved 19 OSA patients, analyzing capnograms during polysomnography-diagnosed apnea events.
  • A simulation study modeled apnea with varying inspiratory and expiratory flows to compare apnea detection between cap-ONE and sidestream devices.

Main Results:

  • The cap-ONE produced capnograms nearly identical to the reference during nasal and oral breathing in the breathing model, unlike sidestream devices which showed reduced readings during oral breathing.
  • In OSA patients, 41% of events displayed characteristic capnogram patterns with prolonged, elevated phases and ripples.
  • During simulated apnea, the cap-ONE accurately detected apnea with minimal CO2 reduction, whereas sidestream capnometers showed significant CO2 reduction and failed to detect apnea.

Conclusions:

  • The cap-ONE effectively records capnograms with minimal distortion, even in challenging respiratory conditions.
  • This novel flow-through capnometer demonstrates reliable apnea detection capabilities, particularly beneficial for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) monitoring.