Cyclin promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 in a wee1+ dependent manner

The regulation of p34cdc2 was investigated by overproducing p34cdc2, cyclin (A and B) and the wee1+ gene product (p107wee1) using a baculoviral expression system. p34cdc2 formed a functional complex with both cyclins as judged by co-precipitation, phosphorylation of cyclin in vitro, and activation of p34cdc2 histone H1 kinase activity. Co-production of p34cdc2 and p107wee1 in insect cells resulted in a minor population of p34cdc2 that was phosphorylated on tyrosine and displayed an altered electrophoretic mobility. When p34cdc2 and p107wee1 were co-produced with cyclin (A or B) in insect cells, there was a dramatic increase in the population of p34cdc2 that was phosphorylated on tyrosine and that displayed a shift in electrophoretic mobility. The phosphorylation of p34cdc2 on tyrosine was absolutely dependent upon the presence of kinase-active p107wee1. Tyrosine-specific as well as serine/threonine-specific protein kinase activities co-immunoprecipitated with p107wee1. These results suggest that cyclin functions to facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and that p107wee1 functions to regulate p34cdc2, either directly or indirectly, by tyrosine phosphorylation.