Oxaliplatin activity in selected and unselected human ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines

Oxaliplatin is used for treatment of colon cancer in combination with 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan. Oxaliplatin has similar, but also different resistant mechanisms as cisplatin. We studied the activity of oxaliplatin in ovarian and colon cancer cells with different resistance patterns to cisplatin. The 40-fold cisplatin-resistant cell line ADDP was only 7.5-fold resistant to oxaliplatin. The gemcitabine-resistant AG6000 cell line, 9-fold resistant to cisplatin, was not cross-resistant. LoVo-175X2, with mutant p53 showed no resistance compared to the empty vector control. However, LoVo-Li, with inactive p53, was 3.6-fold resistant corresponding to decreased accumulation and Pt adducts. Accumulation and DNA adducts formation showed no significant correlation with oxaliplatin sensitivity. Cell cycle distribution after exposure to oxaliplatin showed arrest in G2/M (A2780) or in S-phase (LoVo-92) for wt-p53 cells. ADDP and LoVo-Li showed G1 arrest followed by S-phase arrest and no changes in distribution, respectively. The cell cycle related proteins Cyclins A and B1 and (p)CDC25C were marginally affected by oxaliplatin. Expression of hCTR1 was decreased in ADDP, LoVo-Li and AG6000, OCT1 decreased in ADDP and AG6000 and OCT3 in LoVo-175X2, compared to the parental cell lines. In ADDP and LoVo-175X2 ATP7A and B were decreased but were increased in AG6000. From this study it can be concluded that changes in cell cycle distribution were cell line dependent and not related to changes in expression of Cyclin A or B1. Oxaliplatin accumulation was related to hCTR1 and, at low concentration, ATP7A to DNA adducts formation while the retention was related to hCTR1, OCT2 and ATP7B.