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Cellular responses induced by silver nanoparticles: In vitro studies.

S Arora1, J Jain, J M Rajwade

  • 1Centre for Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, India.

Toxicology Letters
|May 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Silver nanoparticles (SNP) at high concentrations induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HT-1080 and A431 cells. These findings help define safe SNP concentrations for topical antimicrobial development.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Developing topical antimicrobial agents is crucial for treating burn wound infections.
  • Silver nanoparticles (SNP) show promise as antimicrobial agents.
  • Understanding SNP interactions with human cells is essential for safety assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of spherical silver nanoparticles (SNP) on HT-1080 and A431 cells.
  • To determine the concentration-dependent cellular responses, including oxidative stress and apoptosis.
  • To establish a safe concentration range for SNP in the context of topical antimicrobial development.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of HT-1080 and A431 cells to varying concentrations of 7-20 nm spherical silver nanoparticles (SNP).

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  • Cell morphology assessment, XTT assay for IC(50) determination, and measurement of oxidative stress markers (GSH, SOD, lipid peroxidation).
  • Analysis of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity to evaluate apoptosis induction.

    • Main Results:

    • SNP exposure altered cell morphology and reduced cell viability at concentrations above 6.25 microg/mL, with IC(50) values around 10.6-11.6 microg/mL.
    • Significant oxidative stress was observed at approximately 1/2 IC(50) SNP concentration, indicated by decreased GSH and SOD, and increased lipid peroxidation.
    • Apoptosis was induced at much lower SNP concentrations (0.78-1.56 microg/mL) compared to necrosis (12.5 microg/mL).

    Conclusions:

    • Silver nanoparticles induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HT-1080 and A431 cells.
    • The study identified specific concentration thresholds for SNP-induced apoptosis and necrosis.
    • Results provide a basis for defining safe SNP concentrations for developing topical antimicrobial agents for burn wound infections.