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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Aplysia Ganglia Preparation for Electrophysiological and Molecular Analyses of Single Neurons
Published on: January 13, 2014
Non-synaptic neuronal mechanisms of learning and memory in gastropod molluscs
Paul R Benjamin1, György Kemenes, Ildikó Kemenes
1Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK. p.r.benjamin@sussex.ac.uk
Abstract:
Gastropod molluscs provide important model systems for investigating the behavioral and neural basis of associative and non-associative learning. Habituation, sensitization, classical and operant conditioning are studied in motor reflex and central pattern generator circuits. Although synaptic plasticity has long been recognized as playing a key role in molluscan learning circuits, non-synaptic changes resulting in alterations in the excitability of neurons are increasingly recognized as an essential component of the memory trace.
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