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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Unrenewable Cells00:50

Unrenewable Cells

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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
Photoreceptors
The retina is composed of several layers and contains specialized cells called photoreceptors. The photoreceptors (rods and cones) change their membrane potential when stimulated by light energy. There are two types of photoreceptors—rods and cones—which differ in the shape of...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Cultivating Mouse Hair Cells for Auditory Research
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Cultivating Mouse Hair Cells for Auditory Research

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Cochlear molecules and hereditary deafness.

Denise Yan1, Xue-Zhong Liu

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Frontiers in Bioscience : a Journal and Virtual Library
|May 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists are identifying genes linked to deafness, advancing our understanding of hearing and the auditory system. This research is crucial for understanding hearing loss mechanisms and developing future therapies.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Auditory Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Significant progress in identifying deafness-related genes in humans and mice over the last decade.
  • Over 400 syndromes involve hearing loss; 113 loci for non-syndromic hearing loss are mapped.
  • Approximately 46 genes have been identified from these loci as of August 2007.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major advances in understanding auditory function.
  • To explore the structure and regulation of the hearing mechanism.
  • To connect gene identification with auditory physiology and pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Gene identification and mapping for deafness disorders.
  • Functional analysis of proteins encoded by identified genes.
  • Review of current literature on auditory system genetics and physiology.

Main Results:

  • Identification of numerous genes contributing to hearing and deafness.
  • Insights into the molecular basis of auditory transduction.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of cochlear function.

Conclusions:

  • Gene identification is crucial for understanding auditory system physiology and pathophysiology.
  • At least 1% of human protein-coding genes are involved in sound perception.
  • Continued research promises deeper insights into hearing mechanisms and potential treatments.