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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

Euchromatin

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

Euchromatin

Euchromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Multilabel Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Protocol for Investigation of Chromatin in the Dense Nuclear Environment

A Multilabel Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Protocol for Investigation of Chromatin in the Dense Nuclear Environment

Published on: June 5, 2026

MYSTs mark chromatin for chromosomal functions.

Lorraine Pillus¹

¹University of California, San Diego, Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology and Moores Cancer Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0347, United States. lpillus@ucsd.edu

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|May 31, 2008

Summary

The MYST family of lysine acetyltransferases plays crucial roles in chromosomal functions. Research in yeast highlights how these enzymes coordinate with other factors to regulate gene activity and DNA repair.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Multilabel Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Protocol for Investigation of Chromatin in the Dense Nuclear Environment

A Multilabel Single Molecule Localization Microscopy Protocol for Investigation of Chromatin in the Dense Nuclear Environment

Published on: June 5, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Published on: September 20, 2018

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The MYST family of lysine acetyltransferases is highly conserved and biologically significant.
Human MYST enzymes are linked to development and disease.
Model organisms provide mechanistic insights into MYST enzyme function, substrate specificity, and genomic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the diverse chromosomal functions of the three MYST enzymes in yeast.
To understand how MYST complexes interact with other cellular machinery.

Main Methods:

Genetic studies in yeast.
Biochemical analyses of MYST enzyme complexes.
Genomic localization studies.

Main Results:

MYST enzymes in yeast are involved in various chromosomal functions.
MYST complexes coordinate with histone variant H2A.Z and remodeling complexes.
These interactions demarcate silent and active chromosomal domains, facilitate transcription, and aid DNA repair.

Conclusions:

MYST enzymes are key regulators of chromatin structure and function.
Understanding MYST complex coordination is vital for comprehending gene regulation and DNA repair mechanisms.