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Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules out...
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

[Chemotherapy and renal toxicity].

Vincent Launay-Vacher1, Corinne Isnard-Bagnis, Nicolas Janus

  • 1Service de néphrologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. vincent.launay-vacher@psl.aphp.fr

Bulletin Du Cancer
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antineoplastic drugs can harm kidneys. Monitoring renal function using formulas like Cockcroft-Gault and adjusting dosages prevents anticancer drug toxicity.

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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
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Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish
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Acute Kidney Injury Model Induced by Cisplatin in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: May 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antineoplastic drugs are crucial for cancer treatment but exhibit varied renal tolerance.
  • Several chemotherapy agents, including platinum salts, methotrexate, and gemcitabine, are known for potential kidney toxicity.
  • Emerging anti-angiogenic drugs also pose risks to renal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of renal toxicity associated with common antineoplastic drugs.
  • To outline strategies for preventing kidney damage during cancer therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate renal function assessment for optimizing drug tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Discussion of mechanisms of renal damage.
  • Presentation of methods for renal function evaluation and dosage adjustment.

Main Results:

  • Serum creatinine is an unreliable marker for renal function assessment.
  • Formulas such as Cockcroft-Gault or aMDRD are recommended for accurate renal function evaluation.
  • Dosage adjustments in patients with impaired renal function are critical for improving tolerance and preventing toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing renal tolerance to antineoplastic drugs necessitates regular renal function monitoring before and during treatment.
  • Accurate renal function assessment using appropriate formulas is essential.
  • Dosage modification in patients with renal impairment reduces the risk of both renal and extra-renal toxicities.