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[Chemotherapy and renal toxicity]

Vincent Launay-Vacher1, Corinne Isnard-Bagnis, Nicolas Janus

  • 1Service de néphrologie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France. vincent.launay-vacher@psl.aphp.fr

Bulletin Du Cancer
|December 17, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Antineoplastic drugs can harm kidneys. Monitoring renal function using formulas like Cockcroft-Gault and adjusting dosages prevents anticancer drug toxicity.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antineoplastic drugs are crucial for cancer treatment but exhibit varied renal tolerance.
  • Several chemotherapy agents, including platinum salts, methotrexate, and gemcitabine, are known for potential kidney toxicity.
  • Emerging anti-angiogenic drugs also pose risks to renal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of renal toxicity associated with common antineoplastic drugs.
  • To outline strategies for preventing kidney damage during cancer therapy.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate renal function assessment for optimizing drug tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Discussion of mechanisms of renal damage.
  • Presentation of methods for renal function evaluation and dosage adjustment.

Main Results:

  • Serum creatinine is an unreliable marker for renal function assessment.
  • Formulas such as Cockcroft-Gault or aMDRD are recommended for accurate renal function evaluation.
  • Dosage adjustments in patients with impaired renal function are critical for improving tolerance and preventing toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing renal tolerance to antineoplastic drugs necessitates regular renal function monitoring before and during treatment.
  • Accurate renal function assessment using appropriate formulas is essential.
  • Dosage modification in patients with renal impairment reduces the risk of both renal and extra-renal toxicities.

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