Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Catalytic and regulatory basis of tRNA t<sup>6</sup>A modification by the KEOPS complex.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Recognition of the wobble pair: quantum mechanical calculations of tRNA U34 or C34 modifications within the ribosomal decoding center.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

N<sup>1</sup>-Methylpseudouridine directly modulates translation dynamics.

Nature·2026
Same author

Template-based RNA structure prediction advanced through a blind code competition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pan-modification profiling facilitates a cross-evolutionary dissection of the thermoregulated ribosomal epitranscriptome.

Cell·2025
Same author

The RNA-Puzzles Assessments of RNA-Only Targets in CASP16.

Proteins·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Distinctive structures between chimpanzee and human in a brain noncoding RNA.

Artemy Beniaminov, Eric Westhof, Alain Krol

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 31, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human accelerated region 1 (HAR1) RNA shows rapid evolution and a unique cloverleaf structure in humans, unlike chimpanzees. This structural change in HAR1 RNA is key to understanding its function in human brain development.

    Area of Science:

    • Evolutionary biology
    • Genomics
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Human accelerated region 1 (HAR1) is a rapidly evolving noncoding RNA.
    • HAR1 is specifically expressed during human neocortex development.

    Discussion:

    • Novel secondary structure model for HAR1 RNA proposed.
    • Human HAR1 RNA adopts a stable cloverleaf structure, contrasting with the unstable hairpin in chimpanzee HAR1 RNA.
    • Evolutionary substitutions significantly rearranged HAR1 RNA structure.

    Key Insights:

    • Rapid evolution of HAR1 impacts its RNA structure.
    • Structural differences between human and chimpanzee HAR1 RNA.
    • HAR1 RNA structure is crucial for its function in neocortex development.

    More Related Videos

    RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method
    11:01

    RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

    Published on: April 30, 2026

    Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    09:12

    Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Published on: February 27, 2026

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

    RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
    09:36

    RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

    Published on: April 10, 2018

    RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method
    11:01

    RNA-Associated Chromatin DNA-DNA Interaction Method

    Published on: April 30, 2026

    Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    09:12

    Comparative RNA Structure Analysis of Nascent and Mature Transcripts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Published on: February 27, 2026

    Outlook:

    • Provides structural context for HAR1 RNA function.
    • Further research into HAR1's role in human brain evolution.
    • Investigating the functional implications of HAR1 structural rearrangements.