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Elevation changes in Antarctica mainly determined by accumulation variability.

Michiel M Helsen1, Michiel R van den Broeke, Roderik S W van de Wal

  • 1Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. m.m.helsen@uu.nl

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
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Antarctic firn depth variability significantly impacts ice sheet elevation changes. Accounting for these firn fluctuations is crucial for accurately estimating recent Antarctic ice sheet mass balance.

Area of Science:

  • Glaciology
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • Antarctic Ice Sheet elevation changes are key indicators of ice mass balance.
  • Variations in firn layer depth influence surface elevation measurements.
  • Understanding firn dynamics is essential for accurate climate change impact assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of temperature and accumulation variability on Antarctic firn layer thickness.
  • To assess the significance of firn depth fluctuations in estimating ice sheet mass changes.
  • To evaluate the sufficiency of current satellite observational periods for detecting ice sheet mass balance changes.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated Antarctic firn depth variability from 1980-2004.
  • Analyzed the effects of temperature and accumulation changes on firn depth.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared simulated firn depth changes with observed ice sheet elevation changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Firn depth changes were comparable in magnitude to observed elevation changes across most of Antarctica.
    • Including firn depth fluctuations increased the estimate of surface lowering in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.
    • A significant area of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet showed growth due to increased accumulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Firn depth variability is a critical factor that cannot be neglected in short-term (approx. 15 years) satellite-based ice sheet mass change calculations.
    • Current satellite observational periods are insufficient to decouple firn effects from ice mass changes.
    • Accurate mass balance assessments require incorporating firn layer dynamics.