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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Nicotine in a Silica-Exposed Mouse Model to Promote Lung Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
06:12

Using Nicotine in a Silica-Exposed Mouse Model to Promote Lung Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: March 3, 2023

[Nicotine in plastic surgery : a review].

K Knobloch1, A Gohritz, E Reuss

  • 1Plastische, Hand und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Med. Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. kknobi@yahoo.com

Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift Fur Alle Gebiete Der Operativen Medizen
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Active smoking significantly increases surgical complications, especially skin necrosis in face-lifts and breast reconstruction. Four weeks of smoking cessation is recommended to reduce risks in plastic surgery patients.

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Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Nicotine in a Silica-Exposed Mouse Model to Promote Lung Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
06:12

Using Nicotine in a Silica-Exposed Mouse Model to Promote Lung Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Published on: March 3, 2023

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Plastic surgery
  • Surgical complications
  • Smoking cessation

Context:

  • Surgical complication rates are elevated in active smoking patients.
  • Lack of evidence-based guidelines for smoking in plastic surgery patients.
  • Smoking is not currently considered in German healthcare cost groups for plastic surgery.

Purpose:

  • To review the impact of smoking on plastic surgery outcomes.
  • To analyze complication rates associated with smoking in various plastic surgery procedures.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of smoking cessation on surgical outcomes.

Summary:

  • Smokers undergoing face-lift surgery have a 13-fold increased risk of skin necrosis.
  • Mamma reduction and breast reconstruction (TRAM flaps) show doubled complication risks, including T-incision site necrosis and infection, and higher flap necrosis rates in smokers.
  • Cotinine testing can quantitatively assess recent smoking, as self-reported history is often underestimated.

Impact:

  • Four weeks of smoking abstinence can significantly reduce smoking-related surgical complications.
  • Highlights the critical need for pre-operative smoking cessation protocols in plastic surgery.
  • Emphasizes the discrepancy between clinical evidence and healthcare policy regarding smoking in plastic surgery.