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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
Published on: July 1, 2016
Adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry (Ad-SSWV) accomplished with second-order multivariate calibration
T Galeano-Díaz1, A Guiberteau-Cabanillas, A Espinosa-Mansilla
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. tgaleano@unex.es
Abstract:
A method, using stripping square wave voltammetry (Ad-SSWV), for the simultaneous determination of fenitrothion (FEN) and its metabolites: fenitrooxon (OXON) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3-MET) in environmental samples is reported. All three compounds produce, at mercury electrode (HMDE), an electrochemical signal due to an adsorptive-reductive process. The electrochemical approach shows a very high overlap degree for FEN and OXON voltammograms, however the adsorption kinetic profile could be used as an additional differential variable between both analytes. Second-order multivariate calibration has been tested to solve the mixture of the three compounds. The second-order assayed methods were parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS), multidimensional partial least squares (N-PLS) and the latest ones were used in combination with the residual bilinearization procedure RBL. U-PLS/RBL model was stated as the best second-order algorithm for the simultaneous determination of these three compounds up to 50 ng mL(-1) for each analyte. The detection limits and recovery values were 1.6 ng mL(-1) and 92+/-7% for FEN; 3.7 ng mL(-1) and 101+/-9% for OXON and 0.6 ng mL(-1) and 97+/-8% for 3-MET.
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