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Health and wealth of elderly couples: causality tests using dynamic panel data models.

Pierre-Carl Michaud¹, Arthur van Soest

¹RAND, Santa Monica, CA, USA. michaud@rand.org

Journal of Health Economics

|June 3, 2008

Summary

Good health significantly boosts household wealth, with evidence suggesting health causes wealth, not the reverse. This study examined the health-wealth gradient in couples, finding spouses' health impacts finances.

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Area of Science:

Health Economics
Sociology of Health

Background:

The health-wealth gradient, a positive association between socio-economic status and health, is well-documented in industrialized nations.
Competing theories, including health causation and social causation, attempt to explain this gradient.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the causal direction of the relationship between health and wealth.
To differentiate between health causation (health influencing wealth) and social causation (wealth influencing health).

Main Methods:

Utilized six biennial waves of data from the US Health and Retirement Study (1992 onwards) for couples aged 51-61.
Employed panel data models with unobserved heterogeneity and advanced lag structures to test for causality.

Main Results:

Found no evidence of causal effects from wealth to health when using robust models accounting for unobserved heterogeneity and appropriate lag structures.
Demonstrated strong evidence of causal effects from both spouses' health on household wealth.
Identified a specific effect of the husband's health on the wife's mental health, with no other cross-spouse health effects observed.

Conclusions:

The findings support a health causation model, where individual and spousal health significantly impact financial well-being.
The study highlights the importance of considering unobserved heterogeneity and appropriate lag structures in analyzing the health-wealth gradient.