Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026
A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia
Published on: October 10, 2020
Validation of a method to measure the proprioception of the knee
A L Boerboom1, M R Huizinga, W A Kaan
1Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, NL-9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. a.l.boerboom@orth.umcg.nl
Introduction:
Proprioception is an important mechanism in knee stability and function. After an injury like an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture changes appear in knee proprioception which play a major role in rehabilitation. There are several methods to measure proprioception; the threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) is often used to quantify proprioception. In this study the reliability and validity were tested of an apparatus, which measures the TTDPM based on the Lund technique of Fridén and Roberts (Sweden).
Materials And Methods:
Sixteen healthy participants were tested on both legs, from start position 20 degrees and 40 degrees, towards extension (TE) and flexion (TF). The same measurement was repeated 12 (6-21) days later.
Results:
An overall mean TTDPM of 0.58 degrees (95% confidence interval CI=0.53-0.62 degrees ) was found. Thresholds were different depending on direction of motion and start position. TTDPM in 20 degrees TE (0.51 degrees, CI=0.48-0.56 degrees) and in 40 degrees TF (0.54 degrees, CI=0.50-0.58 degrees ) were significantly lower than TTDPM in 40 degrees TE (0.68 degrees , CI=0.63-0.74 degrees) and in 20 degrees TF (0.58 degrees, CI=0.54-0.63 degrees). Thresholds were rising with age. Women had higher thresholds than men.
Conclusion:
The method is a reliable and valid way to measure proprioception. The next step is to use this method on patients with an ACL-rupture and compare these results with healthy subjects.
