Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

The Bone Matrix

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Strain Evolution and Mutations in Western Australia in the Context of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis.

Open forum infectious diseases·2025

Same author

Determinants of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus transmission.

Clinical microbiology reviews·2025

Same author

Genetic diversity of Murray Valley encephalitis virus 1951-2020 identified via phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases·2025

Same author

Global epidemiology, seasonality and climatic drivers of the four human parainfluenza virus types.

The Journal of infection·2025

Same author

Presentation of Asymptomatic Ebstein's Anomaly: A Case Report.

Cureus·2025

Same author

Independent repeated mutations within the alphaviruses Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus indicates convergent evolution and past positive selection in ancestral populations despite ongoing purifying selection.

Virus evolution·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

Model structure and control of bone remodeling: a theoretical study.

Peter Pivonka¹, Jan Zimak¹, David W Smith¹

¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.

|June 3, 2008

Summary

This study models bone remodeling, revealing a preferred RANKL/OPG expression profile that aligns with biological observations and suggests optimal TGF-beta signaling for bone volume regulation.

More Related Videos

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Published on: February 13, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Multimodal Approach to Assess Bone Regeneration and Scaffold Performance

Published on: February 13, 2026

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

Bone Biology and Remodeling
Computational Biology
Cell Signaling

Background:

The RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling pathway is crucial for bone remodeling.
The specific expression profiles of RANKL and OPG in osteoblast precursors and mature osteoblasts, respectively, and their functional role in the basic multicellular unit (BMU) remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To theoretically investigate the functional implications of specific RANKL/OPG expression profiles on bone volume.
To model the interplay between RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling, TGF-beta, and bone cell dynamics within the BMU.

Main Methods:

Formulation of an extended bone-cell dynamics model incorporating RANK-RANKL-OPG and TGF-beta signaling.
Inclusion of rate equations for bone volume changes and TGF-beta release.
Modification of cell line expression profiles and activator/repressor functions.

Main Results:

A preferred arrangement of ligand expression on specific cell types was identified, correlating with existing biological observations.
Combinatorial analysis of parameter changes identified potentially significant groupings for controlling BMU responses.
Parameter changes related to TGF-beta signaling yielded a unique result with a clear biological rationale.

Conclusions:

The study provides a theoretical framework explaining the functional significance of RANKL/OPG expression profiles in bone remodeling.
The findings suggest optimal control strategies for BMU activity through modulation of cell differentiation rates.
The research offers a theoretical explanation for the biological effects of TGF-beta on bone cell differentiation.