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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

microRNAs and the immune response.

Mark A Lindsay1

  • 1Respiratory Research Group, Wythenshawe Hospital, School of Translational Sciences, University of Manchester M23 9LT, UK. mark.lindsay@manchester.ac.uk

Trends in Immunology
|June 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein expression and play key roles in immunity. This review explores miRNA functions in both innate and acquired immune responses, detailing their mechanisms of action.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • RNA interference mediated by miRNAs is a crucial mechanism for controlling protein synthesis.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the significant involvement of miRNAs in immune system regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA function in the immune system.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate innate and acquired immunity.
  • To consolidate findings on miRNA involvement in immune cell development, differentiation, and inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications on miRNA and immunity.

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages
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Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
13:36

Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation

Published on: July 23, 2012

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
09:06

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages
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Using RNA-interference to Investigate the Innate Immune Response in Mouse Macrophages

Published on: November 3, 2014

  • Analysis of studies detailing miRNA-mediated regulation of immune processes.
  • Synthesis of information on miRNA mechanisms in immune response.

    • Main Results:

    • miRNAs are integral regulators of immune cell development (B and T cells) and function (monocytes, neutrophils).
    • Specific miRNAs influence critical immune processes such as antibody switching and inflammatory mediator release.
    • miRNA activity impacts both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.

    Conclusions:

    • miRNAs are critical modulators of immune responses through translational regulation.
    • Understanding miRNA mechanisms provides insights into immune system control.
    • miRNAs represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions in immune-related diseases.