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Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...
Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in pressure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

Three-dimensional flow instabilities in a thermocapillary-driven cavity.

H C Kuhlmann1, S Albensoeder

  • 1Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. h.kuhlmann@tuwien.ac.at

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Buoyant-thermocapillary flow instabilities in open cavities are driven by shear layer lift-up mechanisms, not directly by buoyancy. Marangoni forces become more significant with increasing aspect ratios.

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Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
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Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow
13:02

Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Turbulence Applications: Case of a Jet Flow

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat transfer
  • Hydrodynamics

Background:

  • Buoyant-thermocapillary flow in open rectangular cavities is a complex phenomenon.
  • Understanding flow instabilities is crucial for various engineering applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a linear stability analysis of buoyant-thermocapillary flow.
  • To investigate the role of aspect ratio and Marangoni forces in flow instabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Linear stability analysis was performed.
  • Simulations covered aspect ratios from Gamma=1.2 to 8 for Prandtl number Pr=10.
  • Comparison with existing experimental data was made.

Main Results:

  • Results show good agreement with experimental data.
  • Buoyancy is not the direct cause of instabilities; a lift-up mechanism in the shear layer is key.
  • For aspect ratios < 3, stationary 3D cellular flow emerges, aided by weak Marangoni forces.
  • For larger aspect ratios, Marangoni effects become more dominant.

Conclusions:

  • Flow instabilities are primarily driven by shear layer dynamics and Marangoni effects.
  • The influence of Marangoni forces increases with aspect ratio.
  • Nonparallel basic-flow structure significantly impacts instability at intermediate aspect ratios.