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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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In Situ Chemotaxis Assay to Examine Microbial Behavior in Aquatic Ecosystems
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Published on: May 5, 2020

Conditions for self-consistent aggregation by chemotactic particles.

Masayo Inoue1, Kunihiko Kaneko

  • 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study numerically investigated microorganism aggregation using a model of cell behavior and chemical signaling. Results show aggregation depends on chemical diffusion and degradation, with cluster size independent of cell density.

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A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients
09:28

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients

Published on: April 19, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Chemotaxis is crucial for microbial behavior.
  • Understanding aggregation dynamics is key to microbial ecology.
  • Previous models often simplify cellular and chemical interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate the chemotactic aggregation of microorganisms.
  • To analyze the conditions governing cellular aggregation based on model parameters.
  • To explore the relationship between attractant dynamics and aggregate formation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computational model incorporating intracellular dynamics and state-dependent random walks.
  • Simulated microorganism behavior including attractant secretion and diffusion.
  • Analyzed phase transitions (aggregation, partial aggregation, no aggregation) based on diffusion and degradation rates.

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct aggregation phases: aggregation, partial aggregation, and no aggregation.
  • Determined the critical conditions for cellular aggregation based on attractant diffusion and degradation rates.
  • Demonstrated that the size of aggregated clusters is independent of cell density, aligning with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The model successfully reproduces different aggregation behaviors observed in microorganisms.
  • Attractant diffusion and degradation rates are key determinants of microbial aggregation patterns.
  • Cellular aggregation size is a robust feature, unaffected by cell density in this model.