Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Kinetic Model of Gases01:24

The Kinetic Model of Gases

The kinetic model of gases explains the properties of a perfect gas using three main assumptions: molecules move in ceaseless random motion, their size is negligible compared to the distances between them, and they do not interact except during perfectly elastic collisions. The total energy of a gas is the sum of the kinetic energies of all its constituent molecules. The pressure exerted by the gas arises from the continual bombardment of the container walls by billions of colliding molecules.
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving01:20

Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: Problem Solving

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds, which is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f(v).
This distribution function f(v) is defined by saying that the expected number N (v1,v2) of particles with speeds between v1 and v2 is given by
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
Basic Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Particle Size, Energy, and Collision02:43

Basic Postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory: Particle Size, Energy, and Collision

The ideal-gas equation, which is empirical, describes the behavior of gases by establishing relationships between their macroscopic properties. For example, Charles’ law states that volume and temperature are directly related. Gases, therefore, expand when heated at constant pressure. Although gas laws explain how the macroscopic properties change relative to one another, it does not explain the rationale behind it.
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules02:34

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules

The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A new chlorine-containing flavanol and four new phenylpropanoids from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>.

Natural product research·2026
Same author

Polycyclic-Fused Cytochalasins with Anti-Liver Fibrosis Activity Produced by the Endophytic Fungus <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>.

Journal of natural products·2026
Same author

Discovery of Jatrophane Diterpenoids as JAG1-Notch Signaling Inhibitors for the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Chaeglobocinnin A and Chaeglobokojin A: Chaetoviridin Azaphilone-Cinnamic Acid and -Kojic Acid Hybrids with Anti-Liver Fibrosis Activity from an Endophytic <i>Chaetomium globosum</i>.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Picpuranes A-E, structurally diverse diterpenoids from Picea purpurea.

Fitoterapia·2026
Same author

Marundihomalkins A-J and Marundisphingalkin A: Triglyceride-Lowering Marine Fungal Alkaloids Featuring Non-amide C-N Linkages between Polyketide and Homoisoleucine or Phytosphingosine.

Organic letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Lattice Boltzmann models for nonequilibrium gas flows.

Gui-Hua Tang1, Yong-Hao Zhang, David R Emerson

  • 1Computational Science and Engineering Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

The lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model efficiently simulates rarefied gas dynamics. A new simplified model captures Knudsen layer characteristics, improving predictions for transition regime flows.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Rarefied gas dynamics
  • Kinetic theory

Background:

  • The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) offers computational efficiency for modeling nonequilibrium gas dynamics.
  • LBM, with suitable boundary conditions, can simulate velocity slip and temperature jump at solid surfaces.
  • High-order and modified LBMs have been developed to simulate flows in the transition regime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the standard lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model's effectiveness in predicting high-order rarefaction phenomena.
  • To highlight limitations of current high-order LBMs in capturing nonlinear stress constitutive relations within the Knudsen layer.
  • To present a simplified high-order LBM capable of simulating transition regime flows and Knudsen layer characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the standard lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model.
  • Analyzing the predictive capabilities of current high-order lattice Boltzmann models.
  • Developing a simplified high-order lattice Boltzmann model by incorporating wall effects on the gas mean free path.

Main Results:

  • The standard BGK model effectively predicts high-order rarefaction phenomena.
  • Current high-order LBMs struggle to capture the nonlinear constitutive relation for stress in the Knudsen layer, despite improved wall slip-velocity predictions.
  • The proposed simplified high-order LBM successfully predicts transition regime flows and captures essential Knudsen layer characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The standard BGK model is advantageous for simulating rarefied gas dynamics phenomena.
  • A refined LBM approach, considering wall-modified mean free path, is necessary for accurate Knudsen layer modeling.
  • The developed simplified high-order LBM provides a more comprehensive tool for simulating complex gas flows in the transition regime.