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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Studying stress transformation is essential in understanding how stress components within a material, like a cube under plane stress, change with rotation. This change is analyzed by considering a prismatic element within the cube. As the element rotates, the stress components acting on it—both normal and shearing stresses—change in magnitude and orientation. This change is quantified using trigonometric functions of the rotation angle, relating the forces acting on the rotated element's faces...
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States of Matter and Phase Changes

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Kinetics and morphological instabilities of stressed solid-solid phase transformations.

N G Rudawski1, K S Jones, R Gwilliam

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400, USA. ngr@ufl.edu

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an atomistic model for stressed solid-solid phase transformations, revealing coordinated atomic motion during crystal growth. The model accurately predicts morphological instabilities, enhancing understanding of material growth processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Understanding the kinetics of solid-solid phase transformations is crucial for materials engineering.
  • Existing models often struggle to capture morphological instabilities under stress.
  • Atomistic insights are needed to elucidate growth mechanisms at the interface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel atomistic model for the growth kinetics of stressed solid-solid phase transformations.
  • To validate the model using experimental data from solid phase epitaxial growth of (001) Silicon.
  • To investigate the atomic mechanisms underlying crystal growth and interface dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an atomistic model incorporating stress effects on phase transformations.
  • Experimental investigation of solid phase epitaxial growth of (001) Silicon.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental results to assess accuracy.

Main Results:

  • The atomistic model successfully accounts for morphological instabilities during stressed transformations.
  • Experimental data for (001) Silicon growth aligns with the model's predictions.
  • Evidence suggests coordinated atomic motion at crystal island ledges within the growth interface.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed atomistic model provides a robust framework for studying stressed solid-solid phase transformations.
  • Coordinated atomic motion is a key factor in the migration of crystal island ledges.
  • The model enhances the predictive capability for material growth and interface phenomena.