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Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.

Viscosity

Viscosity

Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...

Viscosity

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...

Shearing Strain

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...

Stokes' Law

Stokes' Law

Viscous forces, like friction, are intermolecular forces that resist the relative motion of molecules over each other. When a solid body moves through a liquid, viscous forces drag it in the opposite direction. The force's magnitude depends on the solid's shape and size, as well as its speed and the liquid's coefficient of viscosity, density and temperature.
The expression for the force on a solid spherical object in a fluid is called Stokes' law. Stokes' law is valid only for low Reynolds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials

Published on: April 25, 2019

Shear viscosity in a gluon gas.

Zhe Xu¹, Carsten Greiner

¹Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

Physical Review Letters

|June 4, 2008

Summary

Researchers derived the shear viscosity coefficient

Area of Science:

High-energy physics
Quantum chromodynamics

Background:

Understanding the transport properties of quark-gluon plasma is crucial.
Relativistic kinetic theory provides a framework for these calculations.

Purpose of the Study:

To derive the relation between shear viscosity and transport rate.
To calculate the shear viscosity over entropy ratio (eta/s) for a gluon gas.

Main Methods:

Utilizing relativistic kinetic theory.
Incorporating elastic gg-->gg and inelastic gg<-->ggg perturbative quantum chromodynamics (PQCD) scatterings.
Calculating the shear viscosity over entropy ratio (eta/s).

Main Results:

Determined eta/s for a gluon gas.

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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

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Found eta/s = 0.13 for alpha_s = 0.3.

Found eta/s = 0.076 for alpha_s = 0.6.

Conclusions:

The calculated small eta/s values suggest strongly coupled systems.
Gluon bremsstrahlung significantly influences the eta/s ratio.