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Atom interferometry with up to 24-photon-momentum-transfer beam splitters.

Holger Müller1, Sheng-wey Chiow, Quan Long

  • 1Physics Department, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrate a novel 24-photon Bragg diffraction beam splitter for atom interferometers, significantly enhancing momentum splitting for greater sensitivity. This advancement boosts phase shifts 144-fold in Ramsey-Bordé geometries, enabling more precise measurements.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Interferometry

Background:

  • Atom interferometers are sensitive measurement tools.
  • Current interferometers use 2-photon processes for beam splitting.
  • Limitations exist in maximizing momentum transfer and phase shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate up to 24-photon Bragg diffraction as a beam splitter.
  • To achieve the largest momentum splitting in atom interferometry to date.
  • To enhance phase shifts in Mach-Zehnder and Ramsey-Bordé geometries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing multi-photon Bragg diffraction.
  • Implementing light-pulse atom interferometry.
  • Employing atomic fountain setups for long pulse separations.

Main Results:

  • Achieved up to 24-photon Bragg diffraction, enabling large momentum transfer.
  • Increased phase shifts by 12-fold for Mach-Zehnder and 144-fold for Ramsey-Bordé geometries.
  • Obtained high fringe visibility (up to 52% for MZ, 36% for RB) and long pulse separation times.

Conclusions:

  • 24-photon Bragg diffraction offers a significant advancement for atom interferometry.
  • The method allows for substantial increases in phase shifts and measurement sensitivity.
  • Preservation of the atom's internal state facilitates the cancellation of systematic errors.