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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

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Published on: January 19, 2018

Phase controlled superconducting proximity effect probed by tunneling spectroscopy.

H le Sueur¹, P Joyez, H Pothier

¹Quantronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé (CNRS URA 2464), CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Physical Review Letters

|June 4, 2008

Summary

Researchers observed a minigap in normal wires connected to superconductors, which varied with phase difference. This finding is explained by quasiclassical theory, advancing understanding of superconductivity in hybrid systems.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

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Scanning-probe Single-electron Capacitance Spectroscopy

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Published on: July 30, 2013

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Superconductivity
Low-Temperature Physics

Background:

Superconducting hybrid structures are crucial for advanced electronic devices.
Understanding the interplay between superconducting and normal regions is key to controlling quantum phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the electronic properties of normal wires interfaced with superconductors.
To explore the influence of phase differences on the superconducting gap in hybrid systems.

Main Methods:

Utilized a dual-mode Scanning Tunneling Microscopy-Atomic Force Microscopy (STM-AFM) microscope.
Performed measurements at ultra-low temperatures (below 50 mK).
Analyzed the local density of states in normal wires connected to superconductors with varying phase differences.

Main Results:

Observed the development of a uniform minigap in both the normal wire and adjacent superconductor interfaces.
Demonstrated that the minigap exhibits a periodic dependence on the phase difference between the superconductors.
The experimental data aligns well with theoretical predictions from quasiclassical superconductivity theory.

Conclusions:

The formation of a phase-dependent minigap is a significant characteristic of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions.
Quasiclassical theory provides a robust framework for describing the observed phenomena in these hybrid systems.
This research contributes to the fundamental understanding of superconductivity and its manipulation.