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Counting is the type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change during the process. Such measurements result in exact numbers. By counting the eggs in a carton, for instance, one can determine exactly how many eggs are there in the carton. Similarly, the numbers of defined quantities are also exact. For example, 1 foot is exactly 12 inches, 1 inch is exactly 2.54 centimeters, and 1 gram is exactly 0.001 kilograms. Quantities...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

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Published on: June 8, 2018

Global information balance in quantum measurements.

Francesco Buscemi1, Masahito Hayashi, Michał Horodecki

  • 1ERATO-SORST Quantum Computation and Information Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. buscemi@qci.jst.go.jp

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a fundamental information balance in quantum measurements, establishing a precise trade-off between information gained and disturbance caused. This explains the underlying physical mechanism for quantum information processing.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Theory
  • Quantum Measurement Theory

Background:

  • Quantum measurement is fundamental to quantum mechanics.
  • Understanding information dynamics in quantum systems is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform an information-theoretical analysis of quantum measurement processes.
  • To derive a global information balance equation for quantum measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Information-theoretical analysis.
  • Derivation of a closed chain equation for quantum mutual entropies.

Main Results:

  • A general and tight entropic information-disturbance trade-off is established.
  • The physical mechanism underlying this trade-off is explained.
  • The single-outcome measurement case is discussed.

Conclusions:

  • The derived information balance provides a comprehensive understanding of quantum measurement limitations.
  • The findings offer insights into the fundamental trade-offs in extracting information from quantum systems.