Miniature manipulator with microelectrode for chronic recording of single units from freely-moving animals

We report a simple recording and stimulating system, a miniature manipulator with a microelectrode (MMM) that can be mounted on animal's skull. The system consists of a miniature manipulator and a microelectrode which are used in one body. Several MMMs can be implanted simultaneously into the brain as the part of the manipulator is small. With this device, recording of single units from several different cortices is possible from awake and unrestricted animals.