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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
12:21

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

Voxel-based morphometry study on brain structure in children with high-functioning autism.

Xiaoyan Ke1, Shanshan Hong, Tianyu Tang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. kexynj@hotmail.com

Neuroreport
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found differences in brain volumes in children with high-functioning autism. Specific reductions and enlargements in gray and white matter regions were observed compared to controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Previous research indicates potential brain volume abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but findings are often inconsistent.
  • Understanding these structural brain differences is crucial for diagnosing and potentially treating autism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate global and regional brain volume differences in high-functioning autistic children compared to neurotypical controls.
  • To clarify inconsistencies in previous autism brain volume studies.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to analyze brain scans.
  • Seventeen high-functioning autistic children were compared with fifteen age- and sex-matched controls.

Main Results:

  • A significant reduction in left white matter volume and the white/gray matter ratio was found in autistic children.
  • Specific regional gray matter enlargements were observed in areas like the supramarginal gyrus and cerebellum.
  • Reductions in white matter volumes of the anterior cingulate and superior parietal lobule were also noted.

Conclusions:

  • High-functioning autism is associated with both global and regional brain volume abnormalities.
  • These findings contribute to a more detailed understanding of the neuroanatomical correlates of autism.