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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the stem cell phenotype.

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  • 1Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. radisky.derek@mayo.edu

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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces breast cells to gain stem cell properties. This developmental process is crucial for understanding cell plasticity and cancer stem cell research.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process where epithelial cells lose their characteristics and gain motility.
  • EMT is essential during embryonic development and tissue repair.

Discussion:

  • Mani et al. (2008) demonstrated that inducing EMT in cultured breast cells promotes stem cell characteristics.
  • This finding links EMT to stemness, suggesting a role in cancer progression and metastasis.

Key Insights:

  • EMT induction triggers stem cell-like properties in breast epithelial cells.
  • This establishes a direct connection between EMT and stemness in cancer research.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore targeting EMT to inhibit cancer stem cell formation.
  • Understanding this link may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer treatment.