Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

41.5K
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
41.5K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.5K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.5K
Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

767
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
767
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

2.7K
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Revisiting Turing's Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2026
Same author

Succession-diagram-based Markov chains reveal the attractor landscape of asynchronous Boolean networks.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Revisiting Turing's Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.

Bulletin of mathematical biology·2026
Same author

Flux organizations and control modes in antagonistically combined negative feedback loops.

Bio Systems·2026
Same author

Optogenetic control of transition to metamorphosis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

A Protein Interactome-Based Framework Reveals the General Toxicity of Chemicals.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same journal

RNA-ligand complexes and the attenuation of neutral confinement in the evolution of RNA secondary structures.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same journal

Individual detachment-reintegration events in homing pigeon flocks and the dominance of directional adjustment in their kinematic features.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same journal

Thermal stress disrupts symbiotic fluid dynamics in bobtail squid.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same journal

Distinct geometrical landscapes distinguish between modes of tristability in gene regulatory networks.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same journal

Slow modulation of the contraction patterns in Physarum polycephalum.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
Same journal

Moo-ving mountains: grazing agents drive terracette formation on steep hillslopes.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.3K

Biological switches and clocks.

John J Tyson1, Reka Albert, Albert Goldbeter

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. tyson@vt.edu

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|June 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review traces the evolution of mathematical models for biological switches and clocks. Advances in molecular genetics have enabled complex modeling of gene networks controlling essential cellular processes.

More Related Videos

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.8K
Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

23.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells
11:56

In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Published on: September 28, 2017

10.3K
Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures

Published on: November 11, 2016

8.8K
Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
10:38

Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters

Published on: September 27, 2012

23.0K

Area of Science:

  • Systems Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Mathematical modeling of biological systems has evolved significantly since the 1960s.
  • Early models focused on well-established biochemical pathways like glycolysis and cyclic AMP signaling.
  • The molecular genetics revolution opened new avenues for computational approaches in cell biology.

Observation:

  • Bistability and oscillations in chemical reaction networks are key biological phenomena.
  • Gene-protein interactions form complex networks that govern cellular functions.
  • These networks are crucial for processes like circadian rhythms and cell cycle progression.

Findings:

  • Historical development of mathematical models for biological switches and clocks reviewed.
  • Recent advances include modeling of gene-protein interaction networks.
  • Applications span circadian rhythms, cell cycle, signal processing, and synthetic gene networks.

Implications:

  • Enhanced understanding of biological timing mechanisms and cellular decision-making.
  • Facilitates the design and analysis of synthetic biological systems.
  • Highlights the growing importance of interdisciplinary approaches in modern biology.