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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol

Non-invasive Assessments of Subjective and Objective Recovery Characteristics Following an Exhaustive Jump Protocol

Published on: June 8, 2017

Parachuting from fixed objects: descriptive study of 106 fatal events in BASE jumping 1981-2006.

A Westman¹, M Rosén, P Berggren

¹Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Division of Surgery, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden. anton@worldwidewestman.com

British Journal of Sports Medicine

|June 5, 2008

Summary

BASE jumping fatalities are often caused by parachutist instability, equipment malfunctions, or environmental conditions. Understanding these BASE jumping risks can improve safety and rescue efforts.

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Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

Sport Parachuting Safety
Epidemiology of Extreme Sports
Accident Analysis

Background:

BASE jumping, involving parachuting from fixed objects, carries inherent risks.
Previous analyses of fatal BASE jumping incidents are limited.
Understanding incident characteristics is crucial for developing prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze fatal BASE jumping incidents (building, antenna, span, earth).
To identify common risk factors and injury mechanisms.
To establish a foundation for enhanced prevention measures.

Main Methods:

A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted.
Data from 106 reported fatal BASE jumping events worldwide (1981-2006) were analyzed.
Human, equipment, and environmental factors were assessed, alongside incident and injury mechanisms for each object type.

Main Results:

Key human factors included parachutist instability and deployment failure.
Equipment issues, particularly parachute malfunction and opening towards the object in cliff jumps, were significant.
Environmental factors like poor visibility and strong winds contributed to fatalities. The estimated fatality risk in 2002 was 1 in 60 participants.

Conclusions:

BASE jumping participants require targeted training and technical interventions to mitigate identified risks.
Knowledge of typical incident mechanisms can aid rescue units in improving incident management.
Further research into specific risk factors for each BASE jumping object category is warranted.