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An emerging infectious disease triggering large-scale hyperpredation.

Marcos Moleón1, Pablo Almaraz, José A Sánchez-Zapata

  • 1Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. mmoleonpaiz@hotmail.com

Plos One
|June 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emergent infectious diseases (EIDs) can trigger hyperpredation, increasing predation on a secondary prey species after a primary prey population collapses. This ecological disruption impacts predator-prey dynamics and biodiversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Disease Ecology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Hyperpredation, increased predation on a secondary prey, is often linked to predator population increases or primary prey declines.
  • Previous studies focused on invasive species causing hyperpredation on native prey.
  • The link between Emergent Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and hyperpredation remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel connection between EIDs and hyperpredation within a predator-prey community.
  • To demonstrate how a viral outbreak can induce hyperpredation on a secondary prey species.
  • To analyze the cascading effects of EIDs on prey population dynamics and ecological interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Documented a viral outbreak affecting a primary host prey population across a large spatial scale.
  • Monitored predation intensity on a secondary prey species by shared predators.
  • Analyzed population dynamics of both primary and secondary prey, and predator populations.
  • Assessed the spatio-temporal synchrony of prey population fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • A viral outbreak caused a significant population collapse of the primary host prey.
  • The decline in primary prey led to increased predation pressure (hyperpredation) on a secondary prey species.
  • Synchronized population dynamics were observed in both prey species at a large spatio-temporal scale.
  • EIDs demonstrated a direct impact on the primary host and an indirect impact on the secondary prey via hyperpredation.

Conclusions:

  • Emergent Infectious Diseases can initiate hyperpredation, altering predator-prey dynamics.
  • EIDs can disrupt ecological interactions, affecting populations from individual behavior to community dynamics.
  • This mechanism represents a significant threat to biodiversity, particularly through human-mediated ecological disruptions.