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Related Concept Videos

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The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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Related Experiment Videos

Genetically programmed differences in epidermal host defense between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients.

Patrick L J M Zeeuwen1, Gys J de Jongh, Diana Rodijk-Olthuis

  • 1Laboratory of Skin Biology and Experimental Dermatology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. P.Zeeuwen@ncmls.ru.nl

Plos One
|June 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chronic inflammatory diseases like psoriasis may stem from skin cell genetic differences, not just immune responses. Innate immunity gene variations in keratinocytes offer disease-specific signatures and potential protection with a risk of inflammation.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Functional Genomics

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis) were traditionally viewed as T-cell mediated immune conditions.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a role for epithelial gene mutations/polymorphisms affecting barrier function and innate immunity as risk factors.
  • This challenges the established paradigm, necessitating investigation into epithelial cell-autonomous contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cell-autonomous differences in keratinocytes from patients with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
  • To identify disease-specific gene expression signatures in response to inflammatory stimuli.
  • To explore the genetic basis of keratinocyte dysfunction in chronic inflammatory skin diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Functional genomics approach using cultured keratinocytes from psoriasis, atopic dermatitis patients, and healthy controls.
  • Stimulation of primary keratinocytes with pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Quantitative PCR analysis of 55 genes related to epidermal differentiation and inflammation; protein-level analysis for a subset; cluster and multivariate analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified differentially expressed gene groups, forming disease-specific signatures based on cytokine stimulation.
  • Observed significant differences in innate immunity gene expression between psoriasis and atopic dermatitis keratinocytes.
  • Demonstrated cell-autonomous genetic variations in keratinocytes from psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients.

Conclusions:

  • Keratinocytes from psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients exhibit distinct, genetically determined differences.
  • Polymorphisms in innate immunity genes (signaling and effector) may be coadapted, offering protection but risking inflammatory disease.
  • High expression of antimicrobial genes in psoriasis may confer protection but could lead to overt inflammation as a trade-off.