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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Fixing an oxymoron.

Nancy B Solomon

    Architectural Record
    |June 6, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Designing healthcare facilities can reduce stress for patients, families, and staff. Architects are exploring innovative approaches to create more hospitable hospital environments.

    Area of Science:

    • Architecture
    • Healthcare Design
    • Environmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Traditional hospital design often contributes to patient and staff stress.
    • There is a growing need for healthcare environments that promote healing and well-being.
    • The impact of the physical environment on healthcare outcomes is increasingly recognized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore how architectural design can create more hospitable healthcare facilities.
    • To identify design strategies that alleviate stress for patients, families, and staff.
    • To understand the link between hospital design and improved patient experience and staff satisfaction.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of architectural case studies in healthcare.
    • Analysis of design principles focused on creating calming and supportive spaces.

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    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
    05:22

    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

    Published on: May 9, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
    09:27

    Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

    Published on: October 13, 2018

    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
    05:22

    Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

    Published on: May 9, 2019

  • Synthesis of research on the psychological impact of the built environment in hospitals.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific design elements like natural light, green spaces, and intuitive wayfinding reduce anxiety.
    • Creating distinct zones for different activities (e.g., family waiting, quiet rest) improves comfort.
    • Incorporating elements that foster a sense of community and support benefits all stakeholders.

    Conclusions:

    • Architectural design plays a crucial role in mitigating stress within healthcare settings.
    • Hospitable hospital design is achievable through thoughtful planning and evidence-based strategies.
    • Future healthcare facilities should prioritize patient-centered and staff-supportive environments through innovative architecture.