[Orthorexia or when a healthy diet becomes an obsession]

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Nutritional Science
• Eating Disorders

Background:

• Orthorexia nervosa is characterized by an obsessive focus on 'healthy' or 'pure' eating.
• This obsession often results in severely restrictive diets and social withdrawal.
• Individuals may exhibit traits similar to those with anorexia nervosa, such as meticulousness and a strong need for self-care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define orthorexia nervosa as an obsessive-compulsive process.
• To identify high-risk groups and potential diagnostic tools.
• To outline recommended treatment approaches for orthorexia nervosa.

Main Methods:

• Characterization of orthorexia nervosa based on its obsessive-compulsive nature and dietary restrictions.
• Identification of at-risk populations, including women, adolescents, and athletes.
• Proposal of a screening tool for early diagnosis.
• Description of a multidisciplinary treatment model.

Main Results:

• Orthorexia nervosa involves extreme dietary selectivity and ritualistic food preparation.
• High-risk groups include women, adolescents, and athletes (e.g., bodybuilders, track athletes).
• A screening test can aid in early identification.
• Treatment necessitates a team approach with medical, psychological, and nutritional professionals.

Conclusions:

• Orthorexia nervosa is a distinct disorder requiring recognition and management.
• Early detection through screening tools is beneficial.
• Comprehensive treatment involving a multidisciplinary team is essential for recovery.
• Pharmacological interventions may be considered in specific cases.