[Stroke in the XXI century. Emergency care]

Cerebrovascular diseases have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. They are the major cause of mortality in developed countries, accounting for over one-quarter of worldwide documented deaths, and the leading cause of severe disability in adults. Given that Spain will become one of the countries most affected by population ageing, an increase in the incidence of these diseases is expected in coming years. Several studies have reported that public levels of awareness of stroke warning signs, symptoms and risk factors are relatively low. Information campaigns aimed at increasing these levels of awareness and considering stroke as a neurological emergency are needed. The stroke code is a system which allows rapid identification, notification, and transfer of stroke patients to the emergency units. Technological advances in stroke diagnosis, and the development of effective therapeutic measures, such as thrombolytics, require a coordinated multidisciplinary approach. Treating patients in Stroke Units is the most effective and efficient approach in acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke management. In coming years research advances will provide new and better strategies in acute stroke treatment.