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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Ambient aerodynamic ionization source for remote analyte sampling and mass spectrometric analysis.

R Brent Dixon1, Jason S Sampson, Adam M Hawkridge

  • 1W. M. Keck FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new device called RASTIR enables remote sampling and ionization of analytes using aerodynamic principles. This mass spectrometry technique allows for the analysis of particulates and proteins from a distance.

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Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry
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Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry

Published on: September 3, 2010

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
06:49

Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography

Published on: June 20, 2016

Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry
09:22

Atmospheric-pressure Molecular Imaging of Biological Tissues and Biofilms by LAESI Mass Spectrometry

Published on: September 3, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Aerodynamic Devices

Background:

  • Aerodynamic devices are increasingly used in ambient ionization source development for mass spectrometry.
  • Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a common technique for ionizing molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel aerodynamic device for remote analyte sampling, transport, and ionization.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this device for analyzing particulates and proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of an air ejector device incorporating an ESI emitter.
  • Remote sampling of neutral species and entrainment into an ESI plume.
  • Analysis using a linear ion trap Fourier transform mass spectrometer.

Main Results:

  • Successful remote sampling and ionization of dry powder particulates from a glass slide.
  • Successful capture and ionization of matrix-assisted laser desorbed proteins.
  • Demonstration of RASTIR as a viable approach for remote ambient ionization mass spectrometry.

Conclusions:

  • The developed RASTIR device provides a novel method for remote analysis in mass spectrometry.
  • The device is constructed from inexpensive, commercially available components.
  • RASTIR shows potential for various applications in ambient ionization mass spectrometry.