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Related Concept Videos

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Toxidromes: Clinical Features01:30

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?01:17

Hypothesis: Accept or Fail to Reject?

The outcome of any hypothesis testing leads to rejecting or not rejecting the null hypothesis. This decision is taken based on the analysis of the data, an appropriate test statistic, an appropriate confidence level, the critical values, and P-values. However, when the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis cannot be rejected, is it right to say, 'Accept' the null hypothesis?
There are two ways to indicate that the null hypothesis is not rejected. 'Accept' the null hypothesis and 'fail to...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat
06:11

Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat

Published on: April 28, 2023

Fatal intoxication with imidacloprid insecticide.

Shahin Shadnia1, Hosein Hassanian Moghaddam

  • 1Loghman-Hakim Hospital Poison Center, Faculty of Medicine, and Toxicological Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13334, Iran. shadniatrc@sbmu.ac.ir

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|June 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A fatal case of imidacloprid insecticide poisoning is reported. While animal studies show low toxicity, this case highlights potential severe human health risks, including central nervous system depression.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat
06:11

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Published on: April 28, 2023

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08:49

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Published on: March 3, 2021

Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance
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Bioassays for Monitoring Insecticide Resistance

Published on: December 30, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Imidacloprid is a chloronicotinyl neonicotinoid insecticide with widespread use.
  • Human poisoning data for imidacloprid remains limited despite extensive application.

Observation:

  • A fatal case of rapid ingestion of an imidacloprid-containing insecticide formulation is presented.
  • Clinical symptoms included severe vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia, mydriasis, loss of consciousness, followed by bradycardia, bradypnea, and cardiopulmonary arrest.

Findings:

  • The observed rapid progression to severe toxicity and death in this case contrasts with typical animal study findings.
  • It is hypothesized that co-formulants in the insecticide mixture may have contributed significantly to the observed central nervous system depression and gastrointestinal irritation.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need for further investigation into the human toxicity of imidacloprid formulations, especially concerning potential synergistic effects with other ingredients.
  • Enhanced understanding of imidacloprid poisoning is crucial for developing effective clinical management strategies and public health advisories.