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Related Concept Videos

Parenting Styles01:27

Parenting Styles

Diana Baumrind's four parenting styles — authoritarian, authoritative, neglectful, and permissive — each influence children's socio-emotional development differently.
Authoritarian Parenting
This style is strict and controlling, with little room for open dialogue. Authoritarian parents demand obedience and often enforce rules with minimal warmth. Children raised this way may lack social skills and initiative, usually comparing themselves to others unfavorably.
Authoritative Parenting
This...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
Primary Healthcare Services01:30

Primary Healthcare Services

Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
05:04

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Safe motherhood in Pakistan.

Sadiqua Jafarey1, Imtiaz Kamal, Asma Fozia Qureshi

  • 1Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan. snjaf@go4b.net.pk

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|June 7, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal and neonatal mortality rates in Pakistan remain alarmingly high. Despite various initiatives, slow progress hinders the achievement of safe motherhood and global health goals.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
05:04

A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Global Health
  • Maternal Health

Background:

  • Pakistan faces persistently high maternal mortality ratios (350-500/100,000 live births) and neonatal mortality ratios (50/1000 live births).
  • Progress towards achieving safe motherhood and reducing maternal/neonatal deaths has been slow despite numerous interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine trends in maternal and neonatal mortality in Pakistan.
  • To identify reasons for the slow progress in improving maternal and neonatal survival rates.
  • To assess the likelihood of Pakistan achieving Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 by 2015.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of maternal and neonatal mortality data in Pakistan.
  • Review of trends and progress in safe motherhood initiatives.
  • Evaluation of factors contributing to slow reduction in mortality rates.

Main Results:

  • High maternal and neonatal mortality ratios persist in Pakistan.
  • Limited progress observed in reducing maternal and neonatal deaths.
  • Uncertainty regarding the achievement of Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 by the 2015 deadline.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent and intensified efforts are required to address high maternal and neonatal mortality in Pakistan.
  • Further research is needed to understand and overcome barriers to effective safe motherhood programs.
  • Pakistan faces significant challenges in meeting its maternal and child health targets.